Edgartown was first settled by Europeans in 1642 for the purpose of converting the Wampanoag Indians on the island to Christianity. Fortunately, unlike many examples of disastrous cultural clashes in the history of European settlements in North America, the relationship between the English settlers, under the leadership of the Reverend Thomas Mayhew, Jr., and the Wampanoags of Martha’s Vineyard was a peaceful one, characterized by mutual respect.

Edgartown’s location on a perfect harbor helped it become one of the primary ports for the whaling industry during the 1800s, and more than 100 Edgartown men were captains of whaling ships. The profits from successful whaling voyages were enormous, as can be seen by the elegant mansions these captains built – clad in white-painted clapboard with black shutters, with wraparound porches and oftentimes widow’s walk atop the roof.

The thriving whaling industry came to an end in the late 1800s when oil and kerosene began replacing the need for whale oil.